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Raffaele Garofalo
Italian politician
Raffaele Garofalo (18 November in Naples – 18 April in Naples) was an Italian criminologist and jurist.
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Criminology theories
He was a student of Cesare Lombroso, often regarded as the father of criminology. He rejected the doctrine of free will (which was the main tenet of the Classical School) and supported the position that crime can be understood only if it is studied by scientific methods.
He attempted to formulate a sociological definition of crime that would designate those acts which can be repressed by punishment. These constituted "Natural Crime" and were considered offenses violating the two basic altruistic sentiments common to all people, namely, probity and piety.
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Crime is an immoral act that is injurious to society. This was more of a psychological orientation than Lombroso's physical-type anthropology.
Garofalo's law of adaptation followed the biological principle of Charles Darwin in terms of adaptation and the elim